ch11

cmd/api/errors.go

@@ -51,3 +51,8 @@ func (app *application) editConflictResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 	message := "unable to update the record due to an edit conflict, please try again"
 	app.errorResponse(w, r, http.StatusConflict, message)
 }
+
+func (app *application) rateLimitExceededResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	message := "rate limit exceeded"
+	app.errorResponse(w, r, http.StatusTooManyRequests, message)
+}

cmd/api/main.go

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ type config struct {
 		maxIdleConns int
 		maxIdleTime  string
 	}
+	limiter struct {
+		rps     float64
+		burst   int
+		enabled bool
+	}
 }
 
 func openDB(cfg config) (*sql.DB, error) {
@@ -69,6 +74,11 @@ func main() {
 	flag.IntVar(&cfg.db.maxOpenConns, "db-max-open-conns", 25, "PostgreSQL max open connections")
 	flag.IntVar(&cfg.db.maxIdleConns, "db-max-idle-conns", 25, "PostgreSQL max idle connections")
 	flag.StringVar(&cfg.db.maxIdleTime, "db-max-idle-time", "15m", "PostgreSQL max connection idle time")
+
+	flag.Float64Var(&cfg.limiter.rps, "limiter-rps", 2, "Rate limiter maximum requests per second")
+	flag.IntVar(&cfg.limiter.burst, "limiter-burst", 4, "Rate limiter maximum burst")
+	flag.BoolVar(&cfg.limiter.enabled, "limiter-enabled", true, "Enable rate limiter")
+
 	flag.Parse()
 
 	logger := jsonlog.New(os.Stdout, jsonlog.LevelInfo)

cmd/api/middleware.go

@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 )
 
 func (app *application) recoverPanic(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
@@ -16,3 +21,57 @@ func (app *application) recoverPanic(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	})
 }
+
+func (app *application) rateLimit(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	type client struct {
+		limiter  *rate.Limiter
+		lastSeen time.Time
+	}
+	var (
+		mu      sync.Mutex
+		clients = make(map[string]*client)
+	)
+
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			time.Sleep(time.Minute)
+
+			mu.Lock()
+
+			for ip, client := range clients {
+				if time.Since(client.lastSeen) > 3*time.Minute {
+					delete(clients, ip)
+				}
+			}
+
+			mu.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if app.config.limiter.enabled {
+			ip, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
+			if err != nil {
+				app.serverErrorResponse(w, r, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			mu.Lock()
+
+			if _, found := clients[ip]; !found {
+				clients[ip] = &client{limiter: rate.NewLimiter(rate.Limit(app.config.limiter.rps), app.config.limiter.burst)}
+			}
+			clients[ip].lastSeen = time.Now()
+
+			if !clients[ip].limiter.Allow() {
+				mu.Unlock()
+				app.rateLimitExceededResponse(w, r)
+				return
+			}
+
+			mu.Unlock()
+		}
+
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}

cmd/api/routes.go

@@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ func (app *application) routes() http.Handler {
 	router.HandlerFunc(http.MethodPatch, "/v1/movies/:id", app.updateMovieHandler)
 	router.HandlerFunc(http.MethodDelete, "/v1/movies/:id", app.deleteMovieHandler)
 
-	return app.recoverPanic(router)
+	return app.recoverPanic(app.rateLimit(router))
 }

go.mod

@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ go 1.25.0
 require (
 	github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.11.2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0 h1:U0609e9tgbseu3rBINet9P48AI/D3oJs4d
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0/go.mod h1:JR6WtHb+2LUe8TCKY3cZOxFyyO8IZAc4RVcycCCAKdM=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.11.2 h1:x6gxUeu39V0BHZiugWe8LXZYZ+Utk7hSJGThs8sdzfs=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.11.2/go.mod h1:/p+8NSbOcwzAEI7wiMXFlgydTwcgTr3OSKMsD2BitpA=
+golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 h1:bbrp8t3bGUeFOx08pvsMYRTCVSMk89u4tKbNOZbp88U=
+golang.org/x/time v0.15.0/go.mod h1:Y4YMaQmXwGQZoFaVFk4YpCt4FLQMYKZe9oeV/f4MSno=